Indonesia - Digital ID, Single Sign On, eKYC (DPI Exemplar Stories)

This video outlines Indonesia’s approach to developing its national Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), specifically focusing on the creation and implementation of a national digital identity (IKD - Identitas Kependudukan Digital). It details the motivations, challenges, historical context, current status, and future vision for digital ID as presented by officials from the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration (Dukcapil). The information provides insights into the practical considerations of building foundational ID systems, including inclusivity, security, cost-efficiency, and integration with public and private sector services.

Synthesized Summary

The Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration (Dukcapil) under Indonesia’s Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for identity management and civil registration, spearheading the development of the national digital identity (IKD), also referred to as INA Pas, as a core component of the country’s DPI strategy. The primary drivers for this initiative are threefold: enhancing inclusivity and improving public service access across Indonesia’s challenging geography (over 17,000 islands with varying infrastructure); strengthening security in the digital ecosystem where physical IDs are insufficient and vulnerable; and achieving significant cost efficiencies by reducing the need for printing and distributing physical ID cards (KTP-el).

Indonesia’s journey began with consolidating siloed local registration systems into a national, integrated system (SIAK) around 2001-2009. The e-KTP program, launched in 2011, introduced biometric enrollment to ensure data uniqueness and prevent duplication, establishing a robust national population database. This database now serves as the foundation for eKYC, utilized by over 6,500 government and private sector entities since 2013 for identity verification via demographic and biometric matching.

The move towards mobile digital identity (IKD), initiated formally in 2022, aims to provide citizens with a digital representation of their identity on their smartphones, facilitating secure online authentication and access to services. This transition is gradual, acknowledging that physical KTP-el cards will remain valid and necessary for some time due to the digital divide. Security is paramount, with Dukcapil adhering to ISO 27001 standards and emphasizing personal data protection through ongoing public education.

The future vision includes integrating IKD with national public service (INA Ku) and government administration (INA Gov) portals to enable Single Sign-On (SSO) and potentially developing digital wallet functionalities based on international best practices. Collaboration with stakeholders like the World Bank helps incorporate global experiences into the Indonesian context.

Key Learnings & Recommendations

• Foundational ID is Key for DPI: Indonesia views its national population database and digital identity (IKD/INA Pas) as foundational for enabling secure and efficient digital services across sectors. [05:18], [25:14]
• Addressing Key Challenges: The development of digital ID is driven by the need to overcome specific national challenges: geographical vastness impacting physical access, varying infrastructure quality, cybersecurity risks associated with physical IDs in digital transactions, and the high cost of maintaining a physical ID card system. [00:50], [02:49], [04:10]
• Gradual Transition is Practical: Replacing physical IDs entirely with digital ones is a long-term goal. A gradual, parallel approach (keeping KTP-el valid while promoting IKD) is necessary to manage infrastructure limitations and ensure inclusivity. [02:17], [02:35], [42:33]
• Security and Uniqueness are Paramount: Establishing a unique identity for each citizen (via NIK and biometrics) and ensuring data security (e.g., ISO 27001 compliance) are critical prerequisites for trusted digital transactions and eKYC. [02:50], [07:05], [33:00]
• Cost Efficiency as a Major Benefit: Moving towards digital identity significantly reduces government expenditure associated with printing, distributing, and replacing physical ID cards. [04:13], [07:16], [22:22]
• eKYC Enables Service Delivery: A trusted national ID database allows secure verification (eKYC) for numerous public and private services (banking, fintech, health, social assistance, etc.), streamlining processes and fostering innovation. [08:00], [26:34], [34:49]
• Strong Political Will and Clear Vision Needed: Successful DPI implementation requires high-level government commitment, a clear strategic vision addressing national context, and a focus on building strong foundational elements. [31:28]
• Inclusivity Requires Deliberate Design: DPI approaches must actively consider diverse regional needs, socio-economic groups, and varying digital literacy/access levels to avoid exacerbating the digital divide. [01:43], [43:03]

Key Visual Information

• [00:34] Organizational Logo: Slide displays the logo and name “DITJEN DUKCAPIL KEMENDAGRI”, confirming the speakers’ affiliation with the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration, Ministry of Home Affairs.
• Question Slides: Throughout the presentation, simple title slides (e.g., [05:15], [09:57], [17:01], etc.) introduce the specific questions being addressed by the speakers, serving as structural markers for the discussion.

Key Questions Addressed or Raised

• What is Dukcapil’s role in the digital ID? [05:15]
• What challenges and issues were being addressed by deploying Digital Identity? [09:57]
• What is the mechanism used in identifying the citizens? [17:01]
• How do you envision this platform’s use, benefit and impact for other use-cases? [25:08]
• Please tell us more about the Digital Wallet? [29:18]
• Which stakeholders were engaged in supporting the implementation through technical capacity? [30:02]
• What are your suggestions for other countries evaluating the DPI approach? [31:25]
• What is the vision for Digital ID in Indonesia? [32:30]

Stated or Implied Applications

• eKYC: Verification for government and private sector services including banking, finance, telecommunications, social sector, health (Satu Sehat app), immigration (passports). [08:00], [26:40], [37:24], [40:30], [40:54]
• Online Service Access: Facilitating remote access to services like birth registration without physical presence. [10:14], [13:12]
• Mobile Banking: Enabling registration and authentication for mobile banking applications (e.g., BNI Wondr). [09:15], [41:05]
• Single Sign-On (SSO): Future integration with national service portals (INA Ku, INA Gov) for unified access. [39:04]
• Cost Reduction: Replacing the need for frequent physical card printing, especially for replacements due to data changes or expiry (before lifetime validity). [07:16]
• Digital Wallet (Future): Potential future development to integrate wallet functionalities, storing various documents beyond identity. [37:47], [38:02]

Key Terminology Defined

• Dukcapil: Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, responsible for identity management and civil registration in Indonesia. [00:16]
• KTP-el: Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (Electronic Resident Identity Card) - Indonesia’s physical electronic ID card. [02:24]
• IKD: Identitas Kependudukan Digital (Digital Population Identity) - Indonesia’s mobile digital identity application/system. [08:28]
• INA Pas: Indonesia’s National Digital ID system/brand name. [00:44]
• SIAK: Sistem Informasi Administrasi Kependudukan (Population Administration Information System) - The national integrated system for population data. [05:48]
• NIK: Nomor Induk Kependudukan - The unique national identification number assigned to each Indonesian citizen. [07:09]
• eKYC: Electronic Know Your Customer - Digital process for verifying customer identity. [26:40]
• SPBE: Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (Electronic-based Government System) - Indonesia’s digital government initiative. [38:34]
• INA Ku / INA Gov: Planned national public service portal / government administration portal, intended for integration with digital ID and SSO. [39:12], [40:01]
• ISO 27001: International standard for information security management systems, implemented by Dukcapil. [33:37]

Timestamped Outline / Chapters

• [00:00] Introduction of Speakers and Dukcapil’s Role
• [00:34] Challenges Driving Digital ID Development (Inclusivity, Security, Cost)
• [05:15] What is Dukcapil’s role in the digital ID? (History: SIAK, e-KTP)
• [09:57] What challenges and issues were being addressed by deploying Digital Identity? (Siloed systems, online verification needs, physical card costs)
• [17:01] What is the mechanism used in identifying the citizens? (NIK, Biometrics, eKYC, Relying Parties)
• [25:08] How do you envision this platform’s use, benefit and impact for other use-cases? (Foundation for services, Fintech example)
• [29:18] Please tell us more about the Digital Wallet? (Current IKD stores ID data, future potential)
• [30:02] Which stakeholders were engaged in supporting the implementation through technical capacity? (In-house, World Bank collaboration)
• [31:25] What are your suggestions for other countries evaluating the DPI approach? (Political will, clear vision, inclusivity, iterate)
• [32:30] What is the vision for Digital ID in Indonesia? (Integration, National Portals, SSO)

Related Resources Mentioned

• ISO 27001 Standard [33:37]
• Satu Sehat Application (Ministry of Health Portal) [40:35]
• Wondr Application (BNI Mobile Banking) [41:05]
• DANA (Digital Wallet/Fintech company - mentioned as a use case example) [27:50]